CHAPTER 2

The Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:

•        Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together
•        Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster

Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network

>The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets guidelines and standards

Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network

Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service.

•         Cable Internet Service
•         DSL
•        Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
•         Fixed wireless
•         Cellular Radio Network
•         WiFi
•         Satellite Internet Service

An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

•         ISP (Internet service provider)
•         Online service provider (OSP)
•         Wireless Internet service provider

An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

A domain name is the text version of an IP address

–Top-level domain (TLD)

A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

The World Wide Web

      The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages)

       A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items

        A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer

        Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact

      A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

•         Internet Explorer
•         Firefox
•         Google Chrome
•         Opera
•         Safari

          

Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories:

•         Search Engine
•         Subject Directory                                                                                                                       

A search engine is helpful in locating items such as:

•        Images
•        Audios
•        Videos
•         Blogs
•         Maps
•         Publication
•         People or Businesses

There are thirteen types of Web sites 

•        Portal
•        News
•        Blog
•        Wiki
•        Informational  
•        Business/Marketing
•        Educational
•        Online Social Network
•        Entertainement
•        Personal
•        Advocacy
•        Web Application
•        Content Aggregator

Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:

•        Graphics  
•        Animations
•        Audio
•        Video
•        Virtual Reality